Directional adposition use in English, Swedish and Finnish

Directional adpositions such as to the left of describe where a Figure is in relation to a Ground. English and Swedish directional adpositions refer to the location of a Figure in relation to a Ground, whether both are static or in motion. In contrast, the Finnish directional adpositions edellä (in front of) and jäljessä (behind) solely describe the location of a moving Figure in relation to a moving Ground (Nikanne, 2003). When using directional adpositions, a frame of reference must be assumed for interpreting the meaning of directional adpositions. For example, the meaning of to the left of in English can be based on a relative (speaker or listener based) reference frame or an intrinsic (object based) reference frame (Levinson, 1996). When a Figure and a Ground are both in motion, it is possible for a Figure to be described as being behind or in front of the Ground, even if neither have intrinsic features. As shown by Walker (in preparation), there are good reasons to assume that in the latter case a motion based reference frame is involved. This means that if Finnish speakers would use edellä (in front of) and jäljessä (behind) more frequently in situations where both the Figure and Ground are in motion, a difference in reference frame use between Finnish on one hand and English and Swedish on the other could be expected. We asked native English, Swedish and Finnish speakers’ to select adpositions from a language specific list to describe the location of a Figure relative to a Ground when both were shown to be moving on a computer screen. We were interested in any differences between Finnish, English and Swedish speakers. All languages showed a predominant use of directional spatial adpositions referring to the lexical concepts TO THE LEFT OF, TO THE RIGHT OF, ABOVE and BELOW. There were no differences between the languages in directional adpositions use or reference frame use, including reference frame use based on motion. We conclude that despite differences in the grammars of the languages involved, and potential differences in reference frame system use, the three languages investigated encode Figure location in relation to Ground location in a similar way when both are in motion. Levinson, S. C. (1996). Frames of reference and Molyneux’s question: Crosslingiuistic evidence. In P. Bloom, M.A. Peterson, L. Nadel & M.F. Garrett (Eds.) Language and Space (pp.109-170). Massachusetts: MIT Press. Nikanne, U. (2003). How Finnish postpositions see the axis system. In E. van der Zee & J. Slack (Eds.), Representing direction in language and space. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Walker, C. (in preparation). Motion encoding in language, the use of spatial locatives in a motion context. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Lincoln, Lincoln. United Kingdo

A Collective Case Study of Novice Elementary Teachers\u27 Perceptions of Preparedness to Teach Early Literacy Skills to Beginning Readers

The purpose of this collective case study was to explore novice teachers’ perceptions of their preparedness to teach early literacy skills to beginning readers in rural northwest North Carolina. Novice teachers’ perceptions of how adequately prepared they felt to teach early literacy skills to beginning readers in prekindergarten through third grade was examined using Badura’s theory of self-efficacy. The central question was “What are the perceptions of participants regarding their preparedness to teach early literacy skills to beginning readers?” The three sub-questions were as follows: how do participants describe their preparedness as it relates to content knowledge; how do participants describe their preparedness as it relates to addressing students’ challenges in acquiring literacy skills; and what experiences or opportunities do participants believe would help prepare beginning teachers to teach early literacy skills to beginning readers? The participants were 10 novice elementary school teachers responsible for teaching early literacy skills in prekindergarten through third grade. Data was collected via individual interviews, focus group interviews, and reflective journaling. Data was analyzed using coding to identify themes and patterns. The study produced four themes and nine subthemes. The themes were feelings of preparedness, effective literacy instruction, orthography, and differentiated instruction. The results indicated novice teachers felt unprepared to meet the literacy needs of beginning readers. However, teachers felt more prepared after gaining experience in the classroom, collaborating with veteran teachers, and when using scripted programs. Future research needs to include a larger sample size representative of more teacher preparation programs to better understanding teachers’ current perceptions of preparedness to teach early literacy skills to beginning readers

Anal Cancer Risk Factor Management Practices and the Barriers and Facilitators of Addressing Anal Health in the HIV Primary Care Setting

Background: The incidence of anal cancer is only 1-2 per 100,000 people in the general population, but in people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA), the incidence is far greater by about 80 times. This is a striking disproportion, and it is vital for the healthcare provider and healthcare system to become more attentive to the risk of anal cancer in high-risk populations such as PLWHA. There are a number of modifiable risk factors for anal cancer in PLWHA such as smoking, non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and risky sexual behaviors. The HIV primary care provider (HIV PCP) plays a major role in working with patients to address those risk factors through anal cancer risk factor management (ACRFM). The issue is that anal cancer and anal health are rarely addressed in the HIV primary care setting, and with anal cancer being on the rise in high-risk populations, the lack of risk factor management could become a major healthcare issue. This study sought to understand HIV PCPs’ current practices of screening for anal cancer risk factors and intervening to manage those risk factors. It also sought to understand their knowledge, confidence, and attitudes towards managing each risk factor in order to determine if there is a relationship between their knowledge, confidence, and attitude and their practices. Because anal health, a component of sexual health, is so poorly discussed in primary care, this study also sought to understand the factors that HIV PCPs see as facilitating or impeding their approach to discussing anal health with their patients. The overall purpose of the study was to understand ACRFM practices and the barriers and facilitators of addressing anal health in the HIV primary care setting. Methods: In this exploratory study, a descriptive correlational design was used to assess ACRFM quantitatively. The barriers and facilitators of discussing anal health in the HIV primary care setting were explored qualitatively. A 20-question ACRFM survey was developed and administered to HIV PCPs in MS, TN, and AR. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, confidence interval hypothesis testing for mean values, and Spearman’s correlation coefficients. HIV PCPs were then randomly selected from survey participants for individual interviews. Five interview questions were used to understand the barriers and facilitators of discussing anal health in the HIV primary care settings. Interview transcripts were analyzed for codes that would fall into two major categories: barriers and facilitators of discussing anal health. Results: There were 20 HIV PCPs who participated in the quantitative portion of the study. HIV PCPs were less likely to practice towards managing risky sexual behaviors (2.57 ± 1.2) when compared to smoking and non-adherence to ART. Knowledge, confidence, and attitude (KCA) scores were statistically higher towards management of non-adherence to ART, but all KCA scores were high (≥ 4.0 on a scale of 5.0). There was a moderate relationship between the knowledge of managing risky sexual behaviors and practices towards managing risky sexual behaviors (r=. 56699, p=. 0091). There were 10 HIV PCPs randomly selected from the sample of survey participants, and 9 agreed to participate in brief one-on-one interviews. There were two major categories, barriers and facilitators of discussing anal health in the HIV primary care setting, and a total of ten codes. There were seven barrier codes: external issues, demand of other priorities, perception of patient embarrassment, lack of resources, provider embarrassment, lack of anal complaints, and gender discordance. There were 3 facilitator codes: awareness, advantageous circumstances, and the patient-provider relationship. Anal health was confirmed as a component of sexual health. Conclusions: HIV PCPs were found to have high knowledge, confidence, and attitude scores towards managing all anal cancer risk factors. This finding indicated that other factors might have contributed to a lesser likelihood of managing risky sexual behaviors in the HIV primary care setting other than knowledge, confidence, and attitude. The lack of resources related to screening for risky sexual behaviors and intervening to reduce risky sexual behaviors was hypothesized as one reason to explain this finding. Barriers of addressing anal health such as lack of time, the demand of other issues, the lack of anal health complaints, personal embarrassment, and issues related to gender discordance were also identified as factors to explain this finding. An implication for future practice includes the development of resource guides specific to ACRFM. Another implication includes the implementation of preventative health visits for ACRFM in HIV primary care as an effort to reduce issues related to time constraints and competing demands. A nationwide improvement of sexual health and anal health education is also recommended in training programs for all healthcare professionals in order to reduce issues related to personal embarrassment

Expanding Nursing Faculty Development Through a Fitness Initiative

Background: Prioritizing fitness in the workplace can aid in promoting a more contemporary view of faculty development. As a result, a workplace fitness initiative was developed in a Southern college of nursing to address the physical activity of faculty and staff during work hours and to promote a more contemporary view of faculty development. Aim: This study examined perceptions of the fitness initiative and explored opportunities for improvement. Methods:  Faculty and staff completed a survey about the fitness initiative including perceptions of workplace fitness, motivation to join, most enjoyable aspects of the fitness initiative, and opportunities for improvement.  Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative responses were coded and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: One hundred percent of survey respondents (n = 35) believed in the importance of workplace fitness. Four themes were identified related to the perception of workplace fitness: workplace fitness can increase self-reported movement and productivity and support personal goals. Survey respondents also appreciated the comradery, connection, and team-building that the initiative created. However, time was a barrier to engagement. Conclusion: As nurses are urged to model health-promoting behaviors, a college fitness initiative should be considered for encouraging and normalizing workplace fitness and promoting a more contemporary view of faculty development that focuses on factors outside the traditional faculty role. Our fitness initiative demonstrated that such programs are feasible, well-accepted, promote fitness in physical or virtual workplaces, and help to build connection and comradery among faculty and staff

Acute and chronic effects of multivitamin/mineral supplementation on objective and subjective energy measures

Background: Vitamins and minerals play an essential role within many cellular processes including energy production and metabolism. Previously, supplementation with a multivitamin/mineral (MVM) for ≥28 days resulted in improvements to cognition and subjective state. We have also demonstrated shifts in metabolism during cognitively demanding tasks following MVM in females, both acutely and following 8-week supplementation. The current study aimed to assess these effects further in males and females using metabolically challenging exercise and cognitive tasks. Methods: The current randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel groups study investigated the effects of a MVM complex in 82 healthy young (18-35y) exercisers. Subjective ratings and substrate metabolism were assessed during 30 min each of increasingly effortful incremental exercise and demanding cognitive tasks. Assessments took place on acute study days following a single dose (Day 1) of MVM, containing 3 times recommended daily allowance of water-soluble vitamins plus CoQ10, and following 4-week supplementation (Day 28). Results: Energy expenditure (EE) was increased during cognitive tasks following MVM across Day 1 and Day 28, with greater effects in males. In males, MVM also increased carbohydrate oxidation and energy expenditure during exercise across Day 1 and Day 28. In females, mental tiredness was lower during exercise; increases in physical tiredness following 30 min of exercise were attenuated; and stress ratings following cognitive tasks were reduced following MVM. In males, MVM only lowered mental tiredness following 10 min of exercise. These effects were apparent irrespective of day, but effects on mental tiredness were greater on Day 28. Ferritin levels were also higher on Day 28 in those receiving MVM. Conclusion: These findings extend on existing knowledge, demonstrating increased carbohydrate oxidation and increased energy expenditure in males following MVM supplementation for the first time. Importantly, they show modulation of energy expenditure and subjective tiredness following a single dose, providing further evidence for acute effects of MVM. Differential effects in men and women suggest that sex may play an important role in the effects of MVM on energy metabolism and should be considered in future research. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03003442. Registered 22nd November 2016 – retrospectively registere

Self-Care in the Workplace

Holistic and Nursing Scholarship Symposium Event Postershttps://scholarlycommons.libraryinfo.bhs.org/nurs_presentations/1006/thumbnail.jp

Self-Care in the Workplace

https://scholarlycommons.libraryinfo.bhs.org/nurs_presentations2023/1034/thumbnail.jp

NPHC and MGC Sororities and Fraternities as Spaces of Activism within Predominantly White Institutions

This study explored how Students of Color within National Pan-Hellenic Council and Multicultural Greek Council sororities and fraternities engaged in activism and in what ways this involvement connected to their membership. Using a qualitative critical narrative approach, we examined the journeys of ten participants. Findings unpack ways participants engaged in activism and resistance aimed at educating individuals and increasing awareness of societal injustices, addressing inequities through service, and inciting disruption and cultivating institutional and societal level change

Building a Global Evidence Base to Guide Policy and Implementation for Group Antenatal Care in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: Key Principles and Research Framework Recommendations from the Global Group Antenatal Care Collaborative

Evidence from high‐income countries suggests that group antenatal care, an alternative service delivery model, may be an effective strategy for improving both the provision and experience of care. Until recently, published research about group antenatal care did not represent findings from low‐ and middle‐income countries, which have health priorities, system challenges, and opportunities that are different than those in high‐income countries. Because high‐quality evidence is limited, the World Health Organization recommends group antenatal care be implemented only in the context of rigorous research. In 2016 the Global Group Antenatal Care Collaborative was formed as a platform for group antenatal care researchers working in low‐ and middle‐income countries to share experiences and shape future research to accelerate development of a robust global evidence base reflecting implementation and outcomes specific to low‐ and middle‐income countries. This article presents a brief history of the Collaborative’s work to date, proposes a common definition and key principles for group antenatal care, and recommends an evaluation and reporting framework for group antenatal care research.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163383/2/jmwh13143.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163383/1/jmwh13143_am.pd

Front. Plant Sci.

Temperature, water, solar radiation, and atmospheric CO2 concentration are the main abiotic factors that are changing in the course of global warming. These abiotic factors govern the synthesis and degradation of primary (sugars, amino acids, organic acids, etc.) and secondary (phenolic and volatile flavor compounds and their precursors) metabolites directly, via the regulation of their biosynthetic pathways, or indirectly, via their effects on vine physiology and phenology. Several hundred secondary metabolites have been identified in the grape berry. Their biosynthesis and degradation have been characterized and have been shown to occur during different developmental stages of the berry. The understanding of how the different abiotic factors modulate secondary metabolism and thus berry quality is of crucial importance for breeders and growers to develop plant material and viticultural practices to maintain high-quality fruit and wine production in the context of global warming. Here, we review the main secondary metabolites of the grape berry, their biosynthesis, and how their accumulation and degradation is influenced by abiotic factors. The first part of the review provides an update on structure, biosynthesis, and degradation of phenolic compounds (flavonoids and non-flavonoids) and major aroma compounds (terpenes, thiols, methoxypyrazines, and C13 norisoprenoids). The second part gives an update on the influence of abiotic factors, such as water availability, temperature, radiation, and CO2 concentration, on berry secondary metabolism. At the end of the paper, we raise some critical questions regarding intracluster berry heterogeneity and dilution effects and how the sampling strategy can impact the outcome of studies on the grapevine berry response to abiotic factors